July 12

1561 – Saint Basil's Cathedral (pictured), located at the geographic center of Moscow, was consecrated.
1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: A squadron of British Royal Navy ships of the line defeated a larger squadron of ships from the Spanish Navy and French Navy in the Gut of Gibraltar.
1917 – Vigilantes forcibly deported about 1,300 striking mine workers, their supporters, and bystanders from Bisbee, Arizona, U.S., to New Mexico.
1963 – In Gorton, England, 16-year-old Pauline Reade disappeared, the first victim of serial killers Ian Brady and Myra Hindley.
2007 – Two U.S. Army AH-64 Apache helicopters conducted a series of air-to-ground attacks in Baghdad; classified cockpit gunsight footage was released to the Internet in 2010.