❤Online dating presentation






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To compensate for or to circumvent these constraints, participants tried to create profiles that stood out or evidenced aspects of self that they were particularly proud of rather than a laundry list of features. That is more than double the 13% of such internet users who did so when we last asked about this behavior in 2005. Perceptions that others are lying may encourage reciprocal deception, because users will exaggerate to the extent that they feel others are exaggerating or deceiving.
These answers became very important because they were the variables that others used to construct searches in order to narrow the vast pool of profiles. Coding consisted of both factual codes e. The ideal self refers to qualities or achievements one strives to possess in the future.
In addition to your text, your imagery also sends a message. To summarize, our data suggest that participants were cognizant of the online setting and its association with deceptive communication practices, and therefore civil to present themselves as credible. Are you trying to convey a certain impression of yourself with your profile. A 2001 research study found that over a quarter of online dating participants reported misrepresenting some aspect of their identity, most commonly age 14%marital status 10%and appearance 10%. A civil template for married online dating presentations or Online Dating PowerPoint presentations. So I put that in there to sort of weed those people out. 
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In recent years, the use of online dating or online personals services has evolved from a marginal to a mainstream social practice. In 2003, at least 29 million Americans two out of five singles used an online dating service ; in 2004, on average, there were 40 million unique visitors to online dating sites each month in the U. Although scholars working in a variety of academic disciplines have studied these earlier forms of mediated matchmaking e. Literature Review In contrast to a technologically deterministic perspective that focuses on the characteristics of the technologies themselves, or a socially deterministic approach that privileges user behavior, this article reflects a social shaping perspective. Social shaping of technology approaches acknowledge the ways in which information and communication technologies ICTs both shape and are shaped by social practices. One specific framework that reflects this approach is embedded media perspective, which acknowledges both the capacities and the constraints of ICTs. Capacities are those aspects of technology that enhance our ability to connect with one another, enact change, and so forth; constraints are those aspects of technology that hinder our ability to achieve these goals. Although the notion of circumvention is certainly not new to CMC researchers, this article seeks to highlight the importance of circumvention practices when studying the social aspects of technology use. A commonly accepted understanding of identity presumes that there are multiple aspects of the self which are expressed or made salient in different contexts. The relative anonymity of online interactions and the lack of a shared social network online may allow individuals to reveal potentially negative aspects of the self online. Concerns about the prospect of online deception are common , and narratives about identity deception have been reproduced in both academic and popular outlets. A 2001 research study found that over a quarter of online dating participants reported misrepresenting some aspect of their identity, most commonly age 14% , marital status 10% , and appearance 10%. Perceptions that others are lying may encourage reciprocal deception, because users will exaggerate to the extent that they feel others are exaggerating or deceiving. One site, , conducts background checks on their users and has worked to introduce legislation that would force other online dating sites to either conduct background checks on their users or display a disclaimer. The majority of online dating participants claim they are truthful , and research suggests that some of the technical and social aspects of online dating may discourage deceptive communication. Additionally, note that the design features of a medium may affect lying behaviors, and that the use of recorded media in which messages are archived in some fashion, such as an online dating profile will discourage lying. Also, online dating participants are typically seeking a romantic partner, which may lower their motivation for misrepresentation compared to other online relationships. That is, respondents were less involved in their cyberspace relationships and therefore more likely to engage in misrepresentation. This lack of involvement is less likely in relationships started in an online dating forum, especially sites that promote marriage as a goal. Public perceptions about the higher incidence of deception online are also contradicted by research that suggests that lying is a typical occurrence in everyday offline life , including situations in which people are trying to impress prospective dates. Additionally, empirical data about the true extent of misrepresentation in this context is lacking. Online dating participants operate in an environment in which assessing the identity of others is a complex and evolving process of reading signals and deconstructing cues, using both active and passive strategies. SIP considers how Internet users develop impressions of others, even with the limited cues available online, and suggests that interactants will adapt to the remaining cues in order to make decisions about others. In short, online users become cognitive misers, forming impressions of others while conserving mental energy. For instance, individuals might use search engines to locate newsgroup postings by the person under scrutiny, knowing that this searching is covert and that the newsgroup postings most likely were authored without the realization that they would be archived. In light of the above, our research question is thus: RQ: How do online dating participants manage their online presentation of self in order to accomplish the goal of finding a romantic partner? Method In order to gain insight into this question, we interviewed online dating participants about their experiences, thoughts, and behaviors. The survey findings are reported in. Research Site Our study addresses contemporary CMC theory using naturalistic observations. Users can conduct database searches that generate a list of profiles that match their desired parameters usually gender, sexual orientation, age, and location. Data Collection Given the relative lack of prior research on the phenomenon of online dating, we used qualitative methods to explore the diverse ways in which participants understood and made sense of their experience through their own rich descriptions and explanations. Interviews were semistructured to ensure that all participants were asked certain questions and to encourage participants to raise other issues they felt were relevant to the research. Are you trying to convey a certain impression of yourself with your profile? If you showed your profile to one of your close friends, what do you think their response would be? Are there any personal characteristics that you avoided mentioning or tried to deemphasize? As recommended for qualitative research , we employed theoretical sampling rather than random sampling. In theoretical sampling, cases are chosen based on theoretical developed a priori categories to provide examples of polar types, rather than for statistical generalizability to a larger population. Those members who did not respond within a week received a reminder email. Of those contacted, 76 people volunteered to participate in an interview. Out of these 76 volunteers, we selected and scheduled interviews with 36 although two were unable to participate due to scheduling issues. We focused exclusively on those seeking relationships with the opposite sex, as this group constitutes the majority of users. We also confirmed that they were active participants in the site by ensuring that their last login date was within the past week and checking that each had a profile. Fifty percent of our participants were female and 50% were male, with 76% from an urban location in Los Angeles and 24% from a more rural area surrounding the town of Modesto in the central valley of California. Their online dating experience varied from 1 month to 5 years. Interviews were conducted by telephone, averaging 45 minutes and ranging from 30 to 90 minutes in length. The interview database consisted of 551 pages, including 223,001 words, with an average of 6559 words per interview. Data analysis was conducted in an iterative process, in which data from one informant were confirmed or contradicted by data from others in order to refine theoretical categories, propositions, and conclusions as they emerged from the data. We used microanalysis of the text to look for common themes among participants. Following grounded theory , we used an iterative process of coding. Coding consisted of both factual codes e. New codes were added throughout the process, and then earlier transcripts were recoded to include these new conceptual categories. All of the data were coded twice to ensure thoroughness and accuracy of codes. The researchers had frequent discussions in which they compared and refined coding categories and schemes to ensure consistency. During the coding process, some codes were collapsed or removed when they appeared to be conceptually identical, while others were broken out into separate codes when further nuances among them became apparent. A total of 98 codes were generated by the first two authors as they coded the interviews. Unitization was flexible in order to capture complete thought units. Codes were allowed to overlap ; this method of assigning multiple codes to the same thought unit facilitated the process of identifying relationships between codes. See for more information on codes. As suggested by SIP , subtle cues such as misspellings in the online environment are important clues to identity for CMC interactants. Many of the individuals we interviewed explicitly considered how others might interpret their profiles and carefully assessed the signals each small action or comment might send: I really analyzed the way I was going to present myself. So I put that in there to sort of weed those people out. In some cases, they seemed genuinely surprised by the ways in which the digital medium allowed information to leak out. Also, I became quite aware that I had to be very brief. Many expressed incomprehension as to why others with a shared goal of an offline romantic relationship would intentionally misrepresent themselves. Christo1, Los Angeles Male In two cases, individuals admitted to representing themselves as less heavy than they actually were. MaryMoon, Los Angeles Female In this case, a later physical change neutralized the initial discursive deception. Because when you date, you present your best foot forward. I thought about all the qualities that I have, you know, even if I sometimes make mistakes and stuff. These answers became very important because they were the variables that others used to construct searches in order to narrow the vast pool of profiles. The structure of the search parameters encouraged some to alter information to fit into a wider range of search parameters, a circumvention behavior that guaranteed a wider audience for their profile. On the other hand, if I put X number of years, that is unattractive to certain people. So if I say I am 44, people think that I am 48. RealSweetheart, Bay Area Male In the above cases, users engaged in misrepresentation triggered by the social norms of the environment and the structure of the search filters. The technical constraints of the site may have initiated a more subtle form of misrepresentation when participants were required to choose among a limited set of options, none of which described them sufficiently. This is how they really see themselves. The difference might be overly positive which was typically the case or negative, as the below example illustrates. For example, one participant made sure that her profile photograph showed her standing up because she felt that sitting or leaning poses were a camouflage technique used by heavier people. This illustrates the recursive way in which participants developed rules for assessing others e. Profile photographs communicated not only what people looked like or claimed to look like , but also indicated the qualities they felt were important. For instance, one man with a doctorate included one photo of himself standing against a wall displaying his diplomas and another of him shirtless. When asked about his choice of photos, he explained that he selected the shirtless photo because he was proud of being in shape and wanted to show it off. To summarize, our data suggest that participants were cognizant of the online setting and its association with deceptive communication practices, and therefore worked to present themselves as credible. Discussion The primary goal of the online dating participants interviewed for this study was to find someone with whom they could establish a dating relationship although desired commitment level and type of relationship varied across participants. Given this, they attempted to achieve their goals while contending with the unique characteristics of the online environment, engaging in strategies designed to circumvent the constraints of the online dating environment while exploiting its capacities. One constraint—the lack of nonverbal cues—meant that the task of interpreting the remaining cues became paramount in regards to both assessment of others and presentation of self. Our findings suggest that participants consistently engaged in creative workarounds circumvention strategies as they went through the process of posting a profile, selecting individuals to contact, and communicating with potential romantic partners. Our data also highlight the recursive process by which some participants constructed rules of thumb for assessing others e. Theoretical Implications As individuals make initial decisions about potential partners, they form impressions that help reduce uncertainty about the other. For this to happen in the context of CMC, SIP argues, individuals will adapt their behaviors to the cues that are available to convey information to one another. While empirical support for SIP has been demonstrated see for a review , this article is among the few to provide evidence for SIP in a naturalistic setting. Previous laboratory studies of SIP have tended to focus on the manipulation of a subset of cues. In some cases, the technical constraints of the site may have unintentionally enabled acts of misrepresentation, for instance when participants slightly altered information in situations in which they felt an arbitrary data point in age, for example would significantly harm their chances of being discovered by a potential mate. In the case of online dating, it may be that the default settings in the search field i. The ideal self refers to qualities or achievements one strives to possess in the future. In the realm of online dating, it is interesting that participants reported using the profile to ideate a version of self they desired to experience in the future. More research is also needed to understand fully whether strategies designed to circumvent constraints technical or other are perceived to be deceptive by users and, if so, which norms govern their use. Future research could work to develop a taxonomy of online deception and acceptability, which takes into account the nuances of social norms and the fact that some misrepresentation may be unintentional or socially accepted. Practical Implications Given that deceptive practices are a concern for online dating participants, future research should explore the ways in which online dating sites could implement design features aimed at addressing these issues. For instance, they could acknowledge and incorporate aspects of a shared social context, similar to social networking sites like Friendster , through the use of testimonials or social network visualizations. The benefit, or capacity, of online dating is that participants can use specific search parameters to cull a subset of profiles from a larger database. To compensate for or to circumvent these constraints, participants tried to create profiles that stood out or evidenced aspects of self that they were particularly proud of rather than a laundry list of features. They struggled to present themselves as unique individuals within the constraints of a technical system that encouraged homogeneity, negotiating a desire to stand out with the need to blend in. Limitations We chose to conduct interviews with online dating participants in order to gain insight into how they perceived their experiences and the processes through which they learned to avoid the pitfalls and exploit the possibilities of online dating. However, there are several limitations that should be acknowledged in our method and sample. Limitations of this study include the sampling of only participants located on the West Coast. While members are worldwide, we cannot assess if regional or national differences affect the online dating experience. While demographically diverse, those that chose to volunteer might be biased toward a more positive outlook on online dating or potentially more honest in their online dating practices. Although our observations in this article were based on the sample as a whole, we acknowledge that there may be differences for instance, along gender lines which are beyond the scope of this article but which could be explored in future research. From a historical perspective, the goals of online dating participants are not that different from those described by poets throughout the ages. What is different is the tools in their repertoire and the constraints and opportunities they present. This study has attempted to elucidate and explain some of these social practices as a window into the ways in which new communication technologies are shaping us—and we are shaping them—in the ongoing pursuit of romantic relationships. Prior CMC research has identified similar processes in interpersonal contexts. Similarly, CMC researchers working in other contexts have noted the process by which individuals adapt their behavior to compensate for the limitations imposed by the medium in order to pursue their communication goals. She has centered her research on the use of communication technologies—such as intranets and email—in organizations, specifically focusing on organizational adoption, implementation, and privacy. Her research interests center around how individuals connect, collaborate, and negotiate identity and differences in global, multicultural, and mediated contexts. I mean unless you just like have nothing else to do and you just want to play with people I guess. I mean, sure I could make myself a multimillionaire laugh and a Playboy model I guess. If I was going to do it I might as well go all out. I met him in Santa Monica, where he lived, and first of all he had no personality. What is good about the Internet for a shy person is that you can show what you have to offer more than you can in person. What is difficult for a shy person is that it takes a little more time to open up and show what you have to offer, and you can do that on the Internet more, I think. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.