This article possibly contains. Please by the claims made and adding. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Baloch بلوچ Balōč Sardar Ibrahim khan Sanjrani Iranian Baloch Khans in Qajar era, c. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in , a western province of Pakistan; 40% of Baloch are settled in ; and a significant number of Baloch people in of Pakistan. They make up nearly 3. Baloch people co-inhabit desert and mountainous regions along with. Rawlinson 1873 believed that it is derived from the name of the Babylonian king and god. Dames 1904 believed that it is derived from the Persian term for , said to have been used as a crest on the helmets of Baloch troops in 6th century BCE. Herzfeld 1968 proposed that it is derived from the term brza-vaciya, which describes a loud or aggressive way of speaking. The remnants of the original name such as 'Balochuk' and 'Balochiki' are said to be still used as ethnic names in Balochistan. Some writers suggest a derivation from words bal, meaning strength, and och meaning high or magnificent. An earliest Sanskrit reference to the Baloch might be the Gwalior inscription of the ruler r. The army in question is that of the after the conquest of. According to Baloch lore, their ancestors hail from in what is now. They are descendants of , uncle of the prophet Muhammad, who settled in Halab present-day. They fled to the region, remaining there for nearly 500 years until they fled to the region following a deception against the Sistan leader Badr-ud-Din. However, based on an analysis of the linguistic connections of the Balochi language, which is one of the , the original homeland of the Balochi tribes was likely to the east or southeast of the central region. The Baloch began migrating towards the east in the late period. The cause of the migration is unknown but may have been as a result of the generally unstable conditions in the Caspian area. The migrations occurred over several centuries. By the 9th century, writers refer to the Baloch as living in the area between , , , and in what is now eastern Iran. Although they kept flocks of sheep, the Baloches also engaged in plundering travellers on the desert routes. This brought them into conflict with the , and later the and the. After this, the Baloch continued their eastward migration towards what is now Balochistan province of Pakistan, although some remained behind and there are still Baloch in eastern part of the Iranian and provinces. By the 13-14th centuries waves of Baloch were moving into Sindh, and by the 15th century into the Punjab. Akhtar Baloch, at , the Balochis migrated from during the and settled in and. The Little Ice Age is conventionally defined as a period extending from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, or alternatively, from about 1300 to about 1850. Although climatologists and historians working with local records no longer expect to agree on either the start or end dates of this period, which varied according to local conditions. According to Professor Baloch, the climate of Balochistan was very cold and the region was inhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people migrated in waves and settled in and. The area where the Baloch tribes settled was disputed between the and the. In 1666, he was succeeded by who established the Balochi under the Ahmadzai dynasty. Originally in alliance with the Mughals, the Khanate lost its autonomy in 1839 with the signing of a treaty with the and the region effectively became part of. Gold ornaments such as necklaces and bracelets are an important aspect of Baloch women's traditions and among their most favoured items of jewellery are dorr, heavy earrings that are fastened to the head with gold chains so that the heavy weight will not cause harm to the ears. They usually wear a gold brooch tasni that is made by local jewellers in different shapes and sizes and is used to fasten the two parts of the dress together over the chest. In ancient times, especially during the pre-Islamic era, it was common for Baloch women to perform and sing at different events. The tradition of a Baloch mother singing lullabies to her children has played an important role in the transfer of knowledge from generation to generation since ancient times. Apart from the dressing style of the Baloch, indigenous and local traditions and customs are also of great importance to the Baloch. Baloch Culture Day is celebrated by the Balochi people annually on March 2 with festivities to celebrate their rich culture and history. Afghan Baloch men in , Tradition Traditionally, was the ruler and founder of the first Balochi confederacy in 12th century. He may be the same as the last ruler of the. Jalal Khan left four sons - Rind Khan, Lashar Khan, Hoth Khan, Kora Khan and a daughter, Bibi Jato, who married his nephew Murad. Traditionally, these five are claimed as the founders of the five great divisions of the Baloch: the , the Lashari Laashaar , the Hoth, the Korai and the. Divisions As of 2008 it was estimated that there were between eight and nine million Baloch people living in Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. They were subdivided between over 130 tribes. Some estimates put the figure at over 150 tribes, though estimates vary depending on how subtribes are counted. The tribes, known as taman, are led by a tribal chief, the. Subtribes, known as paras, are led by a muquaddam. Five Baloch tribes derive their eponymous names from Khan's children. Many, if not all, Baloch tribes can be categorized as either Rind or Lashari based on their actual descent or historical tribal allegiances that developed into cross-generational relationships. Pakistan There are 180,000 based in. They are divided between the Rahija Bugti, Masori Bugti, Kalpar Bugti, and Daiga sub-tribes. There are 98,000 based in district, who further divide themselves into Gazni Marri, Bejarani Marri, and Zarkon Marri. The Zehri are based in , where they are the largest tribe. The Zehri have and subtribes. Tribalism Iranian Baloch man Violent intertribal competition has prevented any credible attempt at. A myriad of militant secessionist movements, each loyal to their own tribal leader, threatens regional security and political stability. Nationalist groups like the , composed of armed rebels, and the , made up of educated expatriates living in the United States, have simultaneously denounced Balochistan's traditional rulers and Pakistan's national government. Baloch tribes are markedly less egalitarian than. Retrieved 1 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016. Pakistan: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1995. 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