From a call to bar Muslims from the United States to proclaiming Western culture as superior to Islam: recent jihadist attacks have sparked a startling rise in anti-Muslim rhetoric -- and an equally robust response. Leading the way was Donald Trump, the 69-year-old American billionaire candidate for the Republican presidential nomination, who has revelled in headline-grabbing controversy since hitting the campaign trail. Trump urged a "total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States" after a Muslim couple said to be radicalised shot dead 14 people in a rampage in California.