Following the use of information systems for managerial decision making and control, IT has evolved further as a strategic tool for both internal and external coordination. This is the highest level of application, as illustrated in Exhibit 11.1 at the begin¬ning of the chapter. Primary IT applications for internal coordination are intranets, Web 2.0 tools, knowledge-management systems, and enterprise resource planning (ERP). Coordination with external parties will be discussed in the next section.
