There are many different words, and words that mean the same thing. Here are a few that are important:
Ante - the first, usually small, amount of money put up in a game, all players must put it up if they wish to be dealt in.
Fold - to get out of a hand. You just throw your cards away, and that's it. You can do this at any point in the game.
Check - Not always possible, but if it is, and you don't have a good hand, you can get by another round for free (you don't have to bet)
Call - if someone bets, you can say call to put up the same amount as him and go to the next round.
Raise - If someone bets an amount, and you think you have an outstanding hand, you can put up as much as he did, and then some.
Capped betting - This means you can't bet anymore, you can only call. This happens after about 4 raises, or when the limit is met.
Bluff - This is when a player doesn't have a very good hand, but bets like crazy so it seems like he does. Be warned - This does not alway work!!! Some people work of this when they DO have a good hand but want