Paris (French pronunciation: [paʁi] (About this sound listen)) is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative-limits area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and a 2015 population of about 2.2 million.[2] The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the 12,012-square-kilometre (4,638-square-mile) Île-de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France.[5] Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts. The Paris Region had a GDP of €649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France.[6] According to official estimates, in 2013-14 the Paris Region had the third-highest GDP in the world and the largest regional GDP in the EU.
The City of Paris's administrative limits form an East-West oval centred on the island at its historical heart, the Île de la Cité; this island is near the top of an arc of the Seine river that divides the city into southern Rive Gauche (Left Bank) and northern Rive Droite regions. Paris is but the core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its limits: commonly referred to as the agglomération Parisienne, and statistically as a unité urbaine (a measure of urban area), the Paris agglomeration's 2013 population of 10,601,122 made it the largest urban area in the European Union.[3] City-influenced commuter activity reaches well beyond even this in a statistical aire urbaine de Paris (a measure of metropolitan area), that had a 2013 population of 12,405,426,[7] a number one-fifth the population of France,[8], after London, the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union.
The city is a major rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe after London Heathrow Airport with 63.8 million passengers in 2014) and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily,[9] and is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro. Paris's Gare du Nord is one of the ten busiest railway stations in the world, with 262 million passengers in 2015.[10]
Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre was the most visited art museum in the world in 2016, with 7.4 million visitors.[11] The Musée d'Orsay and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art, and the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The historical district along the Seine River in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site. Popular landmarks in the centre of the city include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and The Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, both on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, and the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur on the hill of Montmartre. Paris received 22.2 million visitors in 2015, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations, but the number of greater Paris visitors dropped by 11.5 percent following the terrorist attacks the next year.[12]
The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. Paris hosted the Olympic Games in 1900, 1924 and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and the 1960, 1984, and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city, and every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes there.
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Origins
2.2 Middle Ages to Louis XIV
2.3 18th and 19th centuries
2.4 20th and 21st centuries
2.4.1 Terrorist attacks
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
4 Administration
4.1 City government
4.2 Métropole du Grand Paris
4.3 Regional government
4.4 National government
4.5 Police force
5 Cityscape
5.1 Urbanism and architecture
5.2 Housing
5.3 Paris and its suburbs
6 Demographics
6.1 Migration
6.2 Religion
7 Economy
7.1 Employment
7.2 Incomes
8 Tourism
8.1 Monuments and attractions
8.2 Hotels
9 Culture
9.1 Painting and sculpture
9.2 Photography
9.3 Museums
9.4 Theatre
9.5 Literature
9.6 Music
9.7 Cinema
9.8 Restaurants and cuisine
9.9 Fashion
9.10 Holidays and festivals
10 Education
10.1 Libraries
11 Sports
12 Infrastructure
12.1 Transport
12.1.1 Railways
12.1.2 Métro, RER and tramway
12.1.3 Air
12.1.4 Motorways
12.1.5 Waterways
12.1.6 Cycling
12.2 Electricity
12.3 Water and sanitation
12.4 Parks and gardens
12.5 Cemeteries
13 Healthcare
14 Media
15 International relations
15.1 Twin towns and partner cities
15.2 Other relationships
16 See also
17 References
17.1 Notes
17.2 Footnotes
17.3 Bibliography
18 Further reading
link:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris
