Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language about 1200 million worldwide highest speakers in the world, after that Mandarin about 1030 million. It is also spoken in all parts of India, as well as Indian subcontinents in Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Urdu is a linguistic style of Hindi and it is also closely related to Hindi, Urdu is the main language of Pakistan, which is written with the Arabic script, and linguists consider Standard Hindi and Standard Urdu to be different formal registers both derived from the Khari-Boli dialect, which is also known as Hindustani. Apart from the difference in writing systems, the other main difference between Hindi and Urdu is that Hindi contains more vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu contains more vocabulary from Persian. Committees like the Kendriya Hindi Samiti and the Hindi Advisory Committees were also set up to promote Hindi in routine work in government offices, undertakings, and nationalized banks, among other places. The Constitution of India declares Hindi in the Devnagari script as the official language of the Union Article 343 1. The government alone offers an array of posts created by the policy of Hindi promotion — like those of a Hindi officer, a Hindi instructor, a Hindi journalist, a Hindi translator, a Hindi tele-printer operator, a Hindi stenographer, a Hindi clerk. Information about these standardized accents functions only as a limited guide to all of Hindi phonology, which one can later expand upon once one becomes more familiar with some of the many other dialects of Hindi that are spoken. Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language with about 1200 million worldwide speakers which is highest in the world, after that Mandarin about 1030 million. People of Indian origin in Fiji are also speaking Hindi. Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of official languages of the government of India - the other offical language is English. Both languages are used in parliament, in the judiciary, in communications between the central government and state government, and for other official purposes. Urdu is a linguistic style of Hindi and it is also closely related to Hindi, Urdu is the main language of Pakistan, which is written with the Arabic script, and linguists consider Standard Hindi and Standard Urdu to be different formal registers both derived from the Khari Boli dialect, which is also known as Hindustani. Apart from the difference in writing systems, the other main difference between Hindi and Urdu is that Hindi contains more vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu contains more vocabulary from Persian. At an informal spoken level there are few significant differences between Urdu and Hindi and they could be considered varieties a single language. The first printed book in Hindi was John Gilchrist's Grammar of the Hindustani Language which was published in 1796. The Union government came out with the Official Language Act in 1963 amended in 1967हिंदी पिक्चर ram lakhan Official Language Resolution in 1968, the Official Language Rules in 1976 and the Annual Implementation Program me since 1968. Committees like the Kendriya Hindi Samiti and the Hindi Salahkar Samiti were also set up to promote Hindi in routine work in government offices, undertakings, and nationalized banks, among other places. Even the non-official sector evinces no enthusiasm for Hindi. The Constitution of India declares Hindi in the Dev Nagari script as the official language of the Union Article 343 1. Hindi is also enumerated as one of the twenty-five languages of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The Constitution of India has stipulated the usage of Hindi and English as the two languages of communication for the Central Government. It was envisioned that Hindi हिंदी पिक्चर ram lakhan become the sole working language of the Central government by 1965 as per directives in Article 344 2 and Article 351with State governments being free to function in languages of their choice. However, passage of the Official Languages Act 1963provided for the continued use of English, indefinitely, for all official purposes. However, the constitutional directive to the Central government to spread Hindi was retained. In a fast-shrinking world, being multilingual definitely gives you an edge over others. A large number of people today like to read, write and communicate in Hindi. Students have options for skill development in a special field such as poetry, functional Hindi, media studies, linguistics, theatre, and translation. It offers Hindi computer typingHindi shorthand, media writing, advertisement translation, and creative writing. Hindi departments over there are not only teaching Hindi as a language but also conducting research. Exchange programmes have also been effective in promoting Hindi in these countries. The policy also makes functional Hindi free from the excessive rigidities of grammar. Thus the basic idea is to encourage functional Hindi. In order to do so, several incentives and awards are given, but there is no provision for any penalty in the Official Language Act or rules under it. This underlines that the aim of the policy is to propagate Hindi, but not by coercion. Many people may still be unaware that functional Hindi has also earned its separate place in हिंदी पिक्चर ram lakhan academic as well as the professional world. The government alone offers an array of posts created by the policy of Hindi promotion — like those of a Hindi officer, a Hindi instructor, a Hindi journalist, a Hindi translator, a Hindi tele-printer operator, a Hindi stenographer, a Hindi clerk. It is in this connection that the Union government has yet to provide convincing pro-of of its commitment to Hindi. Instead of showing undue concern for the achievement of certain targets or figures, what it should strive for is increasing use of functional Hindi in its real, day-to-day functioning. For doing his or her work in Hindi, it would be better to reward an individual officer or employee in real terms like a promotion in service or quicker increments and not just with some monetary incentive or occasional prizes in kind. Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in Hindi Language. The phonological system of a Hindi Language includes; like many other languages, Hindi has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of Hindi share a largely similar but not identical phonological system. Phonological analysis of Hindi often concentrates on or uses, as a reference point, one or more of the prestige or standard accents, such as it has so many linguistic variants. Nevertheless, many other dialects of Hindi are spoken, which have developed independently from these standardized accents, particularly regional dialects. Information about these standardized accents functions only as a limited guide to all of Hindi phonology, which one can later expand upon once one becomes more familiar with some of the many other dialects of Hindi that are spoken. Within linguistics there are differing views as to exactly what phonemes are and how a given language should be analyzed in phonemic or phonematic terms. However, a phoneme is generally regarded as an abstraction of a set or equivalence class of speech sounds phones which are perceived as equivalent to each other in a given language. In this way, phonemes are often considered to constitute an abstract underlying representation for segments of words, while speech sounds make up the corresponding हिंदी पिक्चर ram lakhan realization, or surface form. Phonemes are conventionally placed between slashes in transcription, whereas speech sounds phones are placed between square brackets. Therefore, each human language is a complex of knowledge and abilities enabling speakers of the language to communicate with each other, to express ideas, hypotheses, emotions, desires, and all the other things that need expressing. Hindi linguistics is the study of these knowledge systems in all their aspects: how is such a knowledge system structured, how is it acquired, how is it used in the production and comprehension of messages, how does it change over time. Linguists consequently are concerned with a number of particular questions about the nature of language. What properties do all human languages have in common. How do languages differ, and to what extent are the differences systematic, i. How do children acquire such complete knowledge of a language in such a short time. What are the ways in which languages can change over time, and are there limitations to how languages change. What is the nature of the cognitive processes that come into play when we produce and हिंदी पिक्चर ram lakhan language. The part of Hindi linguistics that is concerned with the structure of language is divided into a number of subfields: Many teachers see major difficulties in maintaining academic standards in today's larger and more diversified classes. However, descriptions of particular languages may use different conventional symbols to represent the phonemes of those languages. For Hindi language whose writing systems employ the phonemic principle, ordinary letters may be used to denote phonemes, although this approach is often hampered by the complexity of the relationship between orthography and pronunciation see Correspondence between letters and phonemes below table. Hereby you are requested to send your original and unpublished research articles of Language Analysis, Applied Linguistics, Translation-studies, Media and Literary Analysis and your area of interest and specialization field. This is to inform you that if your articles will be published in the International Research Journal a suitable honorarium also to be given as per the recommendations of review panel and conditions apply as per the. Your positive cooperation shall be appreciated. The journal publishes research papers in the fields of Language, Dialect-geography of Indian-languages and their grammatical aspect, Various Aspect of Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Media-studies, Translation-studies, Cultural-studies, Comparative-literature, Book-review, Literary Criticism and Literary-analysis and other relevant subjects. The journal is published in bilingual Hindi-English format with printed and it is available online for authors. We are planning that the journal is available online in near future. All research papers reviewed by panel of expert of respective field, it must be original contributions and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. We have listed the topics that fall under the very scope of the journal for the ease of our authors. It is humbly requested to you kindly subscribe it in your library. Before submitting the proposal, you need to make sure that you have gone through which is available at www. Thanking you Professor Ram Lakhan Meena Editor in Chief, Bhashiki.
