Biography Kyai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid ( Gud Dur )
Former Indonesian President Fourth was born in Jombang , East Java , 7 September 1940 from the couple Wahid Hasyim and Solichah . Teachers nation , reformers , scholars , thinkers and political leaders replacing BJ Habibie as President after being elected Assembly election results of 1999. He served as President from October 20, 1999 Special Session until 2001. He was born with the name of Abdurrahman Addakhil or " the Conqueror " , and later became known as Gus Dur . " Gus " is a distinctive honor calls boarding to children kiai .
Gus Dur is the first son of six children , from a very respectable family in the Muslim community in East Java . Grandfather of his father , KH . Hashim Asyari , is the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama ( NU ) , while his maternal grandfather , KH Bisri , is a boarding school teacher . Gus Dur 's father , KH Wahid Hasyim , was involved in the Nationalist Movement and became Minister of Religion in 1949. His mother , Hj . Sholehah , is the daughter of the founder of Pondok Pesantren Denanyar Jombang . After the declaration of Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945 , Gus Dur back to Jombang and remained there during the Indonesian war of independence against the Dutch . End of 1949 , he moved to Jakarta after his father was appointed as the Minister of Religious Affairs . She studied in Jakarta , went into SD KRIS before moving to SD Matraman Perwari.
Gus Dur also taught to read non- Islamic books , magazines , and newspapers by his father to expand their knowledge. In April 1953 , his father died in a car accident . Her education continued in 1954 in junior high and failing a grade , but not because of intellectual problems . His mother sent him to Yogyakarta to continue their education . In 1957 , after graduating from junior high school , he moved to Magelang to study in Pesantren Tegalrejo . He developed a reputation as a gifted student , graduated from schools within two years ( supposed to be four years old ) .
In 1959 , Gus Dur moved to a boarding school in Jombang Tambakberas and getting his first job as a teacher and headmaster . Gus Dur is also a journalist Horizon and Majalah Budaya Jaya . In 1963 , Wahid received a scholarship from the Ministry of Religious Affairs to study at Al Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt , but did not finish because of the criticality of mind . Gus Dur and then studied at the University of Baghdad . Although initially inattentive , Gus Dur could finish his education at the University of Baghdad in 1970 .
He went to Holland to continue his education, to study at the University of Leiden, but was disappointed that his education in Baghdad less recognized here. Wahid then went to Germany and France before returning to Indonesia in 1971. Wahid returned to Jakarta and joined the Institute for Research, Education and Economic and Social Information (LP3ES), an organization which consists of intellectuals with progressive Muslims and social democrats.
LP3ES founded the magazine Prisma where Gus Dur became one of the main contributors and often around schools and madrasahs across Java. When is he apprehensive boarding conditions for traditional values boarding fading due to the change and poverty schools that he saw. He then canceled studying abroad and prefer to develop pesantren. Abdurrahman Wahid continue her career as a journalist, writing for Tempo and Kompas. The article was well received and began to develop a reputation as a social commentator.
With the popularity of it , he gets a lot of invitations to give lectures and seminars , so he had to commute Jakarta and Jombang . In 1974 , Gus Dur in Jombang got extra work as a teacher at Pesantren Tambakberas . One year later , Gus Dur add to his work by becoming Master Kitab Al Hikam . In 1977, he joined the University of Hashim Asyari as dean of Faculty of Islamic Beliefs and Practices , to teach additional subjects such as pedagogy , Islamic law and missiology . He was then asked to play an active role running NU and rejection . However , Gus Dur finally received it after his grandfather , Bisri , to persuade him. Due to take this job , Gus Dur also choose to move from Jombang to Jakarta .
Abdurrahman Wahid got his first political experiences in legislative elections in 1982 , while campaigning for the United Development Party ( PPP ) , a combination of four Islamist parties including NU .
NU reform
NU formed Team Seven (including Gus Dur) to work on the issue of reform and to help revive NU. On May 2, 1982, high-ranking officials met with the Chairman of NU NU Idham and asked him to resign. However, on May 6, 1982, Gus Dur call Idham choice to step down was not constitutional. Gus Dur urged Idham not retreat. In 1983, Suharto was re-elected president for a fourth term by the Assembly and began to take steps to make Pancasila as the state ideology. From June 1983 until October 1983, Gus Dur became part of the group assigned to prepare NU's response to this issue.
Gus Dur and concluded NU should accept Pancasila as the state ideology. For more revive NU, he resigned from the PPP and the political parties to NU focus on social issues. At NU National Congress in 1984, Gus Dur was nominated as chairman of NU and he accepted on the condition gets authority to select the board that will work underneath.
The election of Gus Dur was seen positively by Suharto. Wahid acceptance of Pancasila along with its moderate image making it favored the government. In 1987, he maintained support to the regime by criticizing PPP in the 1987 legislative elections and strengthen the Golkar Party. He became a member of the Assembly of Golkar. Although favored regime, Gus Dur often criticize the government, including Kedung Ombo project funded by the World Bank. It relaxes the relationship with the government and Suharto.
During his first term, Gus Dur focus schools and reform the education system has improved the quality of pesantren education system so as to match the secular school. Gus Dur was re-elected for a second term at the NU Chairman of the National Congress of 1989. At that time, Suharto, who was involved in a political battle with the military, trying to attract the sympathy of Muslims.
In December 1990, the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) was formed to attract the hearts of Muslim intellectuals under the support Soeharto and BJ Habibie chaired. In 1991, some members of ICMI ask Gus Dur join, but declined because it was considered sectarian and just make Suharto grew stronger. Even in 1991, Gus Dur against ICMI by forming the Democracy Forum, an organization composed of 45 intellectuals from various religious and social communities. In March 1992, Gus Dur Great Council plans to hold to celebrate the birthday of the NU-66 and plan the event was attended by at least one million NU members.
Soeharto obstruct the event by ordering police evict bus contain NU members on arrival in Jakarta. Gus Dur sent a letter of protest to Suharto stated that NU was not given a chance to show Islam that is open, fair and tolerant. Towards the National Congress in 1994, Gus Dur nominate himself for a third term. This time Soeharto against it. The supporters of Suharto, like Habibie and Harmoko, campaigned against the re-election of Gus Dur.
when deliberations national held, guarded polling stations Armed Forces, in addition to efforts to bribe NU members to not choose it. However, Gus Dur still elected as chairman of NU next period. During this period, Gus Dur start a political alliance with Megawati Sukarnoputri of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). Megawati's popularity is high plan still pressing Soeharto. Wahid advised Megawati to be careful, but Megawati ignored him until he paid the price when in July 1996 Chairman of the PDI headquarters appropriated supporting government support, Suryadi.
In November 1996, Wahid and Suharto met for the first time since his re-election as chairman of NU Abdurrahman. December of that year he also met with Amien Rais, ICMI members who are critical of government policies. July 1997 is the beginning of the financial crisis in which Suharto began to lose control of the situation. Gus Dur driven reform movement with Megawati and Amien, but suffered a stroke in January 1998. On May 19, 1998, Gus Dur, along with eight leaders of the Muslim community, called Suharto giving Reform Committee draft proposal. Gus Dur and eight people were refusing to join the Reform Committee.
Amien , which is the most critical of Suharto opposition at the time, did not like the moderate view Gus Dur against Soeharto . However , Suharto then retreated on May 21 , 1998. Vice President Habibie became the President . One effect of the collapse of Suharto was the birth of a new political party , and in June 1998 , the NU community asks Gus Dur to form a new political party . New in July 1998 Gus Dur respond idea for establishing a political party is the only way to fight the Golkar in the general election . The party is the National Awakening Party ( PKB ) . On February 7, 1999 , PKB officially declared Wahid as presidential candidates .
