Social norms and self-efficacy play important roles in promoting consistent condom use among men who have sex with men MSM. Few studies have investigated the association between social norms, self-efficacy a... Authors: Cheng Wang, Joseph D. Tucker, Chuncheng Liu, Heping Zheng, Weiming Tang and Li Ling Geosocial networking smartphone applications apps are popular tools for seeking sexual partners among men who have sex with men MSM. We evaluated app use and risk of sexually transmitted infections STIs... Authors: Haidong Wang, Lu Zhang, Ying Zhou, Keke Wang, Xiaoya Zhang, Jianhui Wu and Guoli Wang In South Africa, young women are at disproportionate risk of HIV infection with about 2363 new infections per week in 2015. Authors: Thobani Ntshiqa, Alfred Musekiwa, Mandla Mlotshwa, Kerry Mangold, Carl Reddy and Seymour Williams Soil-transmitted helminth STH infections are among the most common type of infections worldwide and are widely distributed in tropical areas. In rural areas of southern Thailand where most land is used for a... Authors: Chuchard Punsawad, Nonthapan Phasuk, Suchirat Bunratsami, Kanjana Thongtup, Parnpen Viriyavejakul, Sarawoot Palipoch, Phanit Koomhin and Somchok Nongnaul Multidrug resistant MDR tuberculosis TB represents TB which is simultaneous resistant to at least rifampicin R and isoniazid H. Identifying inadequate therapy as the main cause of this form of the dise... Authors: Maja Stosic, Dejana Vukovic, Dragan Babic, Gordana Antonijevic, Kristie L. Foley, Isidora Vujcic and Sandra Sipetic Grujicic Pneumonia is responsible for high morbidity and mortality amongst children under five year of age. India accounts for one-third of the total WHO South East Asia burden of under-five mortality. There is a pauci... Authors: Jayashree Gothankar, Prakash Doke, Girish Dhumale, Prasad Pore, Sanjay Lalwani, Sanjay Quraishi, Sujata Murarkar, Reshma Patil, Vivek Waghachavare, Randhir Dhobale, Kirti Rasote, Sonali Palkar and Nandini Malshe Despite great progress made in methods to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV MTCT , delivery and uptake of these measures remains a challenge in many countries. Although the Brazilian Ministry of Hea... Authors: Kathryn Lynn Lovero, Thais Raquelly Dourado de Oliveira, Estela Magalhães Cosme, Natália Beatriz Cabrera, Mariana Fernandes Guimarães, Juliana Gregório de Avelar, Giovanna Rodrigues Teixeira de Oliveira, Camila de Morais Salviato, Guillermo Douglass-Jaimes, Maria Leticia Santos Cruz, Esaú Custódio João, Ana Cláudia Mamede Wiering de Barros, Marcos Vinicius da Silva Pone, Ivete Martins Gomes, Lee Woodland Riley and Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso Viral hepatitis, mainly hepatitis B and C, is a serious public health problem worldwide. In China, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus HBV infection remains high, while that of hepatitis C virus HCV infect... Authors: Shishen Wang, Yuhui Tao, Yuchun Tao, Jing Jiang, Li Yan, Chong Wang, Yaxuan Ding, Jianxing Yu, Dinghui Zhao, Xiumei Chi, Xiaomei Wang, Ruihong Wu, Xiuzhu Gao, Ying Shi, Yazhe Guan, Yingchun Li… Intestinal parasitic infections IPI lead to significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Intestinal parasitism during pregnancy is of interest as it may affect the health... Authors: Angela Fernanda Espinosa Aranzales, Katja Radon, Guenter Froeschl, Ángela María Pinzón Rondón and Maria Delius Many infectious diseases of public health importance display annual seasonal patterns in their incidence. We aimed to systematically document the seasonality of several human infectious disease pathogens in En... Cherrie, Gordon Nichols, Gianni Lo Iacono, Christophe Sarran, Shakoor Hajat and Lora E. Fleming The synanthropic house fly, Musca domestica Diptera: Muscidae , is a mechanical vector of pathogens bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites , some of which cause serious diseases in humans and domestic animals.... Authors: Faham Khamesipour, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Behnam Honarvar and Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti Bacterial vaginosis BV is the most common cause of vaginitis among women worldwide and is associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections STIs , including HIV. We aimed to determ... Pines, Alicia Harvey-Vera, Gudelia Rangel, Hugo Staines, Thomas L. Patterson and Steffanie A. Strathdee Yellow fever YF is a viral hemorrhagic fever, endemic in the tropical forests of Africa and Central and South America. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes infected with the yellow fever virus YFV. Authors: Mesfin Mengesha Tsegaye, Berhane Beyene, Workenesh Ayele, Almaz Abebe, Israel Tareke, Amadou Sall, Sergio Yactayo, Messeret E. Hendrix, Alicia Harvey-Vera, Pamina M. Gorbach, Carlos Magis-Rodríguez, Gustavo Martinez and Thomas L. Patterson Parasitic worms helminths are common infections in low- and middle-income countries. For most helminth species, school-aged children are at highest risk of infection and morbidity, such as impaired cognitive... Palmeirim, Mamadou Ouattara, Clémence Essé, Véronique A. Assaré, Eveline Hürlimann, Jean T. Diakité, Kouassi Dongo, Bassirou Bonfoh, Jürg Utzinger, Eliézer K. It is a common practice where epidemiologic and econ... Authors: Yuan Liang Woon, Chee Peng Hor, Keng Yee Lee, Siti Fatimah Zahra Mohd Anuar, Rose Nani Mudin, Mohd Khadzir Sheikh Ahmad, Suhaya Komari, Faridah Amin, Rahman Jamal, Wei Seng Chen, Pik Pin Goh, Lena Yeap, Zhuo Ren Lim and Teck Onn Lim Inadequate immunization coverage remains a public health problem in Africa. In Togo, only 62% of children under one year of age were fully immunized in 2013. This study aimed to estimate the immunization cover... Gbeasor-Komlanvi, Issifou Yaya, Wendpouiré I. Zida-Compaore, Amevegbé Boko, Essèboe Sewu, Anani Lacle, Nicolas Ndibu, Yaovi Toke and Dadja E. Landoh Two important helminths, Strongyloides stercoralis an intestinal roundworm and Opisthorchis viverrini a liver fluke , are endemic in northeast Thailand. There have been national campaigns in place aimed at the... Authors: Pokkamol Laoraksawong, Oranuch Sanpool, Rutchanee Rodpai, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Wanida Kanarkard, Wanchai Maleewong, Ratthaphol Kraiklang and Pewpan M. Intapan Dengue fever, caused by dengue virus DENV , has become one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases with a steady rise in global incidence, including the Sudan. Sporadic cases and frequent acute fe... Babiker, Fatima Khalid, Ibrahim A. Haroun, Hassan AbuAisha, Abdelrahim E. Abdalla and Imadeldin E. Aradaib ROTAVAC, an indigenous rotavirus vaccine, was introduced in the universal immunization program of India in four states in 2016 and expanded to five more states in 2017. The clinical trial on efficacy of ROTAVA... Authors: Samarasimha Reddy, Nayana P. Nair, Sidhartha Giri, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Jacqueline E. Gupte, Rashmi Arora and Gagandeep Kang Access to long-lasting insecticidal nets LLINs has increased and malaria has decreased globally, but malaria transmission remains high in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and insecticide resistance threatens curr... Sternberg, Jackie Cook, Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou, Carine J. Aoura, Serge Brice Assi, Dimi Théodore Doudou, A. Smith, Eve Worrall, Immo Kleinschmidt and Matthew B. Thomas Opportunistic diseases cause morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus HIV infected persons. There is dearth of evidence on the magnitude and predictors of opportunistic diseases among PLHIV... Authors: Teklu Weldegebreal, Ismael Ahmed, Abiyou Muhiye, Shoandagne Belete, Alemayehu Bekele and Mirgissa Kaba Influenza remains a significant burden on health systems. Effective responses rely on the timely understanding of the magnitude and the evolution of an outbreak. For monitoring purposes, data on severe cases o... Authors: Alice Corbella, Xu-Sheng Zhang, Paul J. Birrell, Nicki Boddington, Richard G. Authors: Marcos Augusto Moraes Arcoverde, Thais Zamboni Berra, Luana Seles Alves, Danielle Talita dos Santos, Aylana de Sousa Belchior, Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos, Luiz Henrique Arroyo, Ivaneliza Simionato de Assis, Josilene Dália Alves, Ana Angélica Rêgo de Queiroz, Mellina Yamamura, Pedro Fredemir Palha, Francisco Chiaravalloti Neto, Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho, Oscar Kenji Nihei and Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio Meningitis, a disease of the Central Nervous System is described as inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cord meninges. It is characterised by fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff... Authors: Timothy Letsa, Charles Lwanga Noora, George Khumalo Kuma, Ernest Asiedu, Gideon Kye-Duodu, Edwin Afari, Osei Afreh Kuffour, Joseph Opare, Kofi Mensah Nyarko, Donne Kofi Ameme, Emmanuel G. Bachan, Kofi Issah, Franklin Aseidu-Bekoe, Moses Aikins and Ernest Kenu Globally the access to HIV testing has greatly increased over the past 30 years. Nonetheless, a high proportion of people living with HIV remains undiagnosed, even in resource rich countries. To increase the p... Authors: Paola Scognamiglio, Giacomina Chiaradia, Marta Giovanetti, Emidio Albertini, Antonella Camposeragna, Massimo Farinella, Daniela Lorenzetti, Massimo Oldrini, Laura Rancilio, Anna Caraglia, Francesco Paolo Maraglino, Giuseppe Ippolito and Enrico Girardi Despite progress towards increasing global vaccination coverage, measles continues to be one of the leading, preventable causes of death among children worldwide. Whether and how to target sub-national areas f... Authors: Avery Kundrick, Zhuojie Huang, Spencer Carran, Matthew Kagoli, Rebecca Freeman Grais, Northan Hurtado and Matthew Ferrari Tuberculosis TB is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Insufficient TB knowledge may increase the risk of contracting the disease among medical students. The purpose of this study was to as... Authors: Yangjiang Ou, Zhenzhou Luo, Jinsong Mou, Hui Ming, Xiang Wang, Shipeng Yan and Aichun Tan Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and symptoms. Coinfections with any of these diseases could have fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed. Authors: Nasir Salam, Shoeb Mustafa, Abdul Hafiz, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Farah Deeba and Shama Parveen Malaria in pregnancy is prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first trimester of pregnancy is a critical period and the best preventive measure is Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets LLIN. Authors: Cornélia Hounkonnou, Armel Djènontin, Seun Egbinola, Parfait Houngbegnon, Aziz Bouraima, Christophe Soares, Nadine Fievet, Manfred Accrombessi, Emmanuel Yovo, Valérie Briand and Gilles Cottrell Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission PMTCT programs usually test pregnant women for HIV without involving their partners. Non-disclosure of maternal HIV status to male partners may deter utilizatio... Authors: John Kinuthia, Benson Singa, Christine J. This study was aimed at determining the trend... Authors: Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu, Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor, Enosakhare Aiyudubie Asemota and Dorathy Chioma Okpokam Basic needs e. Authors: Phan Sok, Sandra Gardner, Tsegaye Bekele, Jason Globerman, Mary V. Seeman, Saara Greene, Michael Sobota, Jay J. Koornstra, LaVerne Monette, Keith Hambly, Stephen W. Hwang, James Watson, Glen Walker and Sean B. Rourke Tuberculosis TB in foreign-born residents is increasing in many European countries including Finland. We conducted enhanced TB surveillance to collect supplementary information on TB cases among recent immig... Räisänen, Hanna Soini, Pirjo Turtiainen, Tuula Vasankari, Petri Ruutu, J. Pekka Nuorti and Outi Lyytikäinen Although Taiwan has implemented several important interventions for various HIV-at-risk populations to combat the HIV epidemic, little is known regarding AIDS incidence at presentation and during follow-up amo... Authors: Chun-Yuan Lee, I-An Jen, Yu-Ching Lan, Yung-Feng Yen, Pei-Hung Chuang, Marcelo Chen, Yun Lee and Yi-Ming A. Chen Salmonella Typhi is responsible for about 20 million episodes of illness and over 140,000 deaths annually globally. South Asia has the highest documented burden of typhoid and is home to the multi-drug resista... Authors: Jacob John, Ashish Bavdekar, Temsunaro Rongsen-Chandola, Shanta Dutta and Gagandeep Kang.
