INDICE
Subject Paginas
Starts/Origin of the Odontology
3
Orthodontics
5
General odontology
8
Periodoncia
10
Implantologia
12
Surgery Maxilofacial
14
Endodontics
16
I initiate / origin of the odontologia
STARTS/ORÍGEN OF THE ODONTOLOGY
Has his roots in the Greek odous, that means tooth and logos treaty. His origins trace back to the prehistory. The illness accompanied by the pain, is so ancient like the man, like this testify it the injuries found by the palaeontologists in the osseous challenges of the individuals that lived in ancient periods; therefore to the pair of the pain went creating diverse forms to avoid it, giving start to the medicine and immersed in her the odontology, which appears for the first time mentioned by Herodoto in the history of the year 500 to.C.
Serapion In the 10th century planted opium in the cavities to combat the pain. In the half age, Albucasis (Arab) pertaining to the 11th century had the merit to turn into respectable profession the cirgugia and especially the odontológica, create instrumenstos for the extraction of teeth and of roots, advising wires of gold and silver to attach a toneless tooth to another healthy and replace a tooth that was missing by another artificial fact with bone of buey and fixed to a healthy tooth by a wire of gold.
The odontology was practised empirically, concerning always for relieving the pain in that period was considered like a divine punishment. Initially, the tendency was to base in the supernatural, fortificar to the patient and asi expel the demon of the bad, work that made hechiceros or curanderos. Between the saints to those who him imploraban relief to the pains, finds mainly of dental origin, Saint Apolonia patron saint of the odontology
Ortodoncia
Orthodontics is a speciality of the odontology that commissions of the correction of the teeth and bones positioned wrongly. The teeth in bad position and those that do not bite properly ones against another are difficult to keep clean, run risks of precocious loss because of decay and illnesses periodontales, and ocasionan an extra tension on the muscles of the mastication that can generate headaches, syndrome of ATM and varied pains in neck, shoulders and back. Besides, the teeth turned or positioned wrongly desmerecen our appearance.
Characteristics
They use diverse types of devices, fixed and removibles, to move the teeth, go back to train the muscles and modify the growth of the jaws. These devices work applying a soft pressure on the teeth and the bones. The severity of the problem deteminará which will be the approach ortodóncico more effective. The «orthodontics» treats of the correction of the irregularities dentofaciales and disarmonias dental to attain an aesthetic and functional condition more favourable.
The «apiñamiento dental» can be «slight», «moderated» or «severe». The most used classification in the literature and in the clinical ortodoncial is the proposal by Go der Linden and is based so much in the chronology of the apparition of the problem as in his causal factors. According to this author distinguish three types of apiñamiento: «primary», «secondary» and «tertiary». This classification is not excluyente, since a same individual can have the three types.
Frequently it relates to the orthodontics with «teeth chuecos» (malposiciones dentarias or apiñamiento dental), but really commissions of the correction of many other alterations that give like result these malposiciones, which can be purchased or be due to factors hereditarios.la preparation of the plan of suitable treatment in a case of apiñamiento makes after deciding if the fault of space can solve of conservative way, increasing the length of arcade, or if the case requires extractions
General odontology
The general odontology (operatoria or restorer) is the attendant to solve the primary problems that they have to see with the mouth, teeth and other structures related. It represents in the majority of the cases the initial contact of the patient with the professional of the odontology.
CARACTERISTICAS
In our system, the odontólogo general makes the primary diagnostic of the patient, resolves the problems of restoration of decay that can present and pipes it properly to each specialist of agreement to the need of the patient, this first contact is very important since it marks the back relation body the professional and the patient, is thus that first traumatic contacts condition to the patient to little fulfillment of the treatments and of the successive appointments.
The importance of the first appointment does not come given only by the factor of apprehension that can present the patient, is a process but complex where the anamnesis of the patient jointly with a deep clinical examination and detailed attains to unmask conditions in the patients that of another form remain unseen for the professional. The mouth is the door of entrance of almost all what ingresa to our body, by what is not of extrañar that alterations of the buccal health incidan negatively in our general health in addition to the aesthetic and social factor involved.
They are the treatments directed to solve the primary problems that they have to see with the mouth, teeth and other structures related. In the majority of the cases represents the first contact of the patient with the odontólogo.
The odontólogo general makes the primary diagnostic of the patient, resolves the problems of restoration of decay that can present and pipes it properly to each specialist of agreement to the need of the patient
Of which type of treatments commissions the General Odontology
The main treatments that makes the general odontology are: endodontics, bruxismo, extractions, conservative odontology: obstructions (fillings), incrustaciones, reconstructions of dental pieces, sealed of fissures, restoration of decay, etc.
Councils and recommendations
To warn the decay, is fundamental to make a good hygiene bucodental after each food with a good dental brush (during 2 min), a toothpaste and a colutorio, procuring not leaving happen more than 15 minutes between the end of each food and the brushed.
Periodoncia
The periodoncia is a medical speciality-surgical odontológica that studies the prevention, diagnostic and treatment of the illnesses and conditions that affect the fabrics that give support to the organs dentarios (encía, ligament periodontal, cement radicular and alveolar bone) and to the substitutes implanted, for the maintenance ofthe health, function and aesthetic of the teeth and his adjacent fabrics
CARACTERISTICAS
The Periodontología is the contemporary speciality that surfaces of the odontology for sustentar the study of scientific evidence on the state of the periodonto healthy and patient.
The main illnesses periodontales that affect to a dentition are the periodontitis and gingivitis.
Nowadays with the advent of the implantología the periodoncia also is the attendant of the prevention and treatment of the illnesses periimplantares like the periimplantitis.
The illness periodontal self-evident like a gingivitis (inflammation and sangrado of the encía without affecting the bone) or periodontitis, where occurs the destruction of the bone that bears the tooth. If it is not treated to time can ocasionar the loss of the teeth.
A treatment periodontal consists from the correction of the technician of hygiene for the control of the plate bacteriana, until the elimination of the factors triggers of the same (calculations dentarios or sarro and stock exchanges periodontales).
implantologia
IMPLANTOLOGIA
The implantología dental is the discipline ofthe odontology that occupies of the study of the materials aloplásticos inside or on the bones of jawbones to give support to a dental rehabilitation. Has like aim substitute stray teeth by means of the surgical placing ofa dental implant in the maxillary or mandibular bone
CARACTERISTICAS
The dental implants can be of different sizes, surfaces and material. On the implants design the prothetic rehabilitations that go to allow restituir the functions masticatórias, phonetics and aesthetics of the patient. The election of the type of implant that puts in the patients makes in function of the diagnostic, prognosis and of the plan of interdisciplinary treatment between the odontólogo general with a specialist in surgery,periodoncia or prostodoncia.
1 At present the majority of the implants intraóseos have form of a dental root and the materials for his manufacture employ materials highly biocompatibles like the titanium, that allows him a union to the biologically stable bone designated Oseointegración.
The implantología dental contemporary in his current era initiates from the concepts developed initially by Per-Ingvar Brånemark, and developed in the dental implants of titanium in 1981, where have revolutionised the biological principles of the integration tisular. At present, the use of the dental implants oseointegrados is a good idea to replace the stray teeth, any one was his cause, in the big majority of the cases leaving backwards the ancient systems of prosthesis removibles (“plates” with or without “hooks”) and plural fixed prostheses on teeth (“fixed bridges”). A patient that has suffered the loss of one or more teeth, has to consider that the dental implants no only resolve the aesthetic part, but besides they avoid other grave complications associated to the fault of teeth or grind, like wear of the pieces that remain, problems in the articulations of the jaw, headaches and until of neck and shoulders.
At present the implantología is a branch in constant evolution that every time presents technicians faster, predictable and mínimamente invasivas.
Cirugia maxilofacia
The oral surgery and maxilofacial, according to the International Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS)1 is a «surgical speciality that includes the diagnostic, surgery and treatments related of a big spectrum of illnesses, wounds and aesthetic appearances of the mouth, teeth, expensive, head and neck
CARACTERISTICAS
When working in an anatomical territory very complex, the speciality covers a big variety of procedures. Thesurgeon maxilofacial makes from complex interventions of plastic surgery reconstructiva craneofacial, surgery of the skeleton of the face, procedures of aesthetic surgery of the face and the neck until extractions of grind of the trial, apicectomias or placing of dental implants. The wide field of performance of this speciality, in spite of being a corporal territory quite delimited, does that in a lot of occasions a surgeon maxilofacial decide to specialise more in a concrete field.
The field of performance (and, in consequence, the training) of the speciality includes the following areas:2 1
• Vital support advanced.
• Surgery of the lip leporino - palate hendido.
• Coordination of multidisciplinary teams in the handle of complex pathologies.
• Surgery craneofacial, distraction osteogénica.
• Surgery dentoalveolar.
• I handle of emergencies of the aerial road.
• Technicians of image of the head and the neck (acquisition, planning and realisation of models)
• I handle of traumatisms skull-maxilofaciales (bone, soft parts and teeth), including traumatisms in acute phase and treatment of the sequelas.
• I handle of the pain.
• I handle of the anxiety intraoperatoria, sedation and vital support.
• I handle of the illnesses and tumors of the salivary glands.
• I handle of the congenital anomalies of the head and the neck.
• I handle surgical and no surgical of the illnesses and disorders of the articulation temporomandibular.
• I handle of the infections of the head and the neck
Endodontics
. It calls endodontics, of endo (inner) and doncia (tooth), to a type of treatment that makes in odontology. It consists in the extirpation ofthe dental pulp and the back filling and sealed of the cavity pulpar with an inert material. It calls also endodontics to a speciality odontológica recognised from 1963 by the American Dental Association, whereas the odontólogos skilled in this technician receive the name of endodoncistas
CARACTERISTICAS
The therapy endodóntica consists in the total extirpation of the dental pulp. It applies in dental pieces fracturadas, with deep decays that present injuries in his fabric pulpar that know like pulpitis. This is irreversible and the only therapeutic option is the total extirpation of the dental pulp, and the obturación three-dimensional of the pipe dentario. The pulpitis is frequently caused by deep dental decays that reach the dental pulp and produce infection in the same, originating continuous and permanent pain that increases with cold stimuli, hot, sweet foods or acids.
No always it will be indicated the endodontics in teeth with pulp necrótica or irreversible injury, will be able to opt by the extraction of the dental piece when it exists impossibility to restore the same, have produced reabsorciones dental important, exist perforaciones of the dental roots, vertical fractures or illness periodontal grave. Also in teeth without aesthetic or functional value, for example in grind of the trial without antagonist with which can ocluir to chew or in other circunstacias.
