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  1. Boulogne-sur-Mer
  2. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  3. "Bolougne" and "Boulogne, France" redirect here. For other places called Boulogne, see Boulogne (disambiguation).
  4. Boulogne-sur-Mer
  5. The city, the belfry, the lighthouse and the sea
  7. Coat of arms
  8. Boulogne-sur-Mer is located in France
  9. Boulogne-sur-Mer
  10. Location within Nord-Pas-de-Calais region [show]
  11. Coordinates: 50°43′35″N 1°36′53″ECoordinates: 50°43′35″N 1°36′53″E
  12. Country France
  13. Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais
  14. Department Pas-de-Calais
  15. Government
  16. • Mayor (2012–2014) Mireille Hingrez-Céréda (PS)
  17. Area
  18. • Land1 8.42 km2 (3.25 sq mi)
  19. Population (2009)
  20. • Rank 2nd in the department, 7th in the region and 59th in France
  21. • Population2 43,310
  22. • Population2 Density 5,100/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
  23. INSEE/Postal code 62160 / 62200
  24. Elevation 0–110 m (0–361 ft)
  25. Website http://www.tourisme-boulonnais.fr/uk/
  27. 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
  28. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.
  30. Boulogne-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: ​[bu.lɔɲ.syʁ.mɛʁ], Latin: Bononia, Dutch: Bonen) is a city in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department of Pas-de-Calais. Boulogne lies on the Côte d'Opale, a touristic coast on the English Channel, and is the most-visited location in its region after the Lille conurbation.[1] Boulogne is its department's second-largest city after Calais,[2] and the 59th largest in France.[3] It is also the country's largest fishing port, specialising in herring.[4]
  32. Boulogne was founded during the Roman occupation of France, and as Portus Itius, was used for trade and conquest of Great Britain. After a period of Germanic presence following the collapse of the Empire, Boulogne was at the centre of an eponymous county of the Kingdom of France during the Middle Ages, and was occupied by the Kingdom of England numerous times due to conflict between the two nations.
  34. The city's 12th-century belfry is recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site,[5] while another popular attraction is the marine conservation centre, Nausicaa.
  36. Contents
  38. 1 Name
  39. 2 History
  40. 2.1 Origin of the city
  41. 2.2 Middle Ages
  42. 2.3 The Napoleonic period
  43. 2.4 The two World Wars
  44. 3 Sights
  45. 4 Economy
  46. 5 Media
  47. 6 Events
  48. 7 Administration
  49. 8 Population
  50. 9 Transport
  51. 9.1 Road
  52. 9.2 Rail
  53. 9.3 Water
  54. 10 Education
  55. 10.1 University
  56. 10.2 Public primary and secondary
  57. 10.3 Private primary and secondary
  58. 11 Health
  59. 12 Sports
  60. 13 Culture
  61. 13.1 Food
  62. 14 Notable people
  63. 14.1 Born in Boulogne
  64. 14.2 Others associated with Boulogne
  65. 15 International relations
  66. 15.1 Twin towns — Sister cities
  67. 16 See also
  68. 17 References
  69. 18 Further reading
  70. 19 External links
  72. Name
  73. Question book-new.svg
  74. This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2013)
  76. The name Boulogne was first recorded during the Roman Empire as Bononia, possibly a derivative of the root found in the Celtic word bona meaning "foundation", "settlement", "citadel", and also found in Vindobona, the Roman name for Vienna. A "bona" was probably a granary. This derivation is also found in the name of the Italian city of Bologna. This city was founded by the Celtic Boii. The French suffix "-sur-Mer" is the direct equivalent of the English "-on-Sea".
  77. History
  78. Origin of the city
  80. Originally named Gesoriacum and probably also to be identified with Portus Itius, by the 4th century Boulogne was known to the Romans as Bononia and served as the major port connecting the rest of the empire to Britain. The emperor Claudius used this town as his base for the Roman invasion of Britain, in AD 43, and until 296 it was the base of the naval fleet of the Classis Britannica.[6] Zosimus called the city "germanorum", Germanic speaking, at the end of the 4th century.[7] The city was an important town of the Morini.
  81. Middle Ages
  82. Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, as shown on the Bayeux Tapestry.
  83. Main article: County of Boulogne
  85. In the Middle Ages Boulogne was the capital of an eponymous county, founded in the mid-9th century. An important Count, Eustace II, assisted William the Conquerer in his conquest of England. His wife founded the city's Notre Dame cathedral, which became a site of pilgrimage from the 12th century onwards, attended by fourteen French kings and five of England. The city survived on herring fishing and received its municipal charter from Count Renaud of Dammartin in 1203.[6]
  87. The area was fought over by the French and the English, including several English occupations during the course of the Hundred Years War. Boulogne was again occupied by the English from 1544 to 1550. In 1550, The Peace of Boulogne ended the war of England with Scotland and France. France bought back Boulogne for 400,000 crowns. A culture of smuggling was present in the city until 1659, when French gains in Flanders from the Treaty of the Pyrenees moved the border northwards.
  88. The Napoleonic period
  89. The Column of the Grande Armée commemorates Napoleon's gathering of 200,000 soldiers near Boulogne for a proposed invasion of England
  91. Boulogne received its current status as a subprefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department in 1800 due to the territorial re-organisation in Revolutionary France. Three years later, it was given the title of an Imperial City (Ville Impériale).[6]
  93. The 19th century was a prosperous one for Boulogne, which became a bathing resort for wealthy Parisians after the completion of a railway line to the French capital.[6] In the 19th century, the Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne was reconstructed by the priest Benoit Haffreingue, who claimed to have received a call from God to reconstruct the town's ruined basilica. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon amassed La Grande Armée in Boulogne to invade the United Kingdom in 1805. However, his plans were halted by other European matters and the supremacy of the Royal Navy (including thousands of Congreve rockets[8]).
  95. A nephew of Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, later Napoleon III, returned to France in secret from his exile in England, passing through Boulogne in August 1840. He was later jailed for trying to lead a revolt in Strasbourg.
  96. The two World Wars
  97. See also: Battle of Boulogne (1940)
  99. During the First World War, this was the debarkation port for the first unit of the British Expeditionary Force to land in France, and for many others thereafter. It also was the site of an Allied (French and British) armaments production conference.
  101. On 22 May 1940 during the Battle of France, two British Guards battalions and some pioneers attempted to defend Bolougne against an attack by the German 2nd Panzer Division. Despite fierce fighting, the British were overwhelmed and the survivors were evacuated by Royal Navy destroyers while under direct German gunfire.[9] On June 15, 1944, 297 planes (155 Avro Lancasters, 130 Handley Page Halifaxes, and 12 De Havilland Mosquitos) of the Royal Air Force bombed Boulogne harbour to suppress German naval activity following D-Day. Some of the Lancasters carried Tallboy bombs, and as a result, the harbour and the surrounding area were completely destroyed. In August, 1944 the town was declared a "fortress" by Adolf Hitler, but it succumbed to assault and liberation by the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division in September. In one incident, a French civilian guided the Canadians to a "secret passage" leading into the walled old town and by-passing the German defenders.[10]
  103. To replace the destroyed urban infrastructure, affordable housing and public facility projects in functional, brutalist building styles were carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The harbour, therefore, is not typical of a northern French harbour.
  104. Sights
  105. The Belfry is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  106. Our Lady's Basilica towers over the city.
  107. Boulogne's Castle Museum
  109. Boulogne's 12th-century Belfry is one of 56 in northeastern France and Belgium with shared World Heritage Site status. It is the oldest building in the upper city, and currently serves as the home to a museum of Celtic remains from the Roman occupation. Founded as the Counts' dungeon, the top floor was added in the 13th century. Damage by a fire in 1712 was built over by 1734.[5]
  111. Medieval castle, whose foundations date to Roman times. It houses an Egyptian art collection
  112. Gothic church of St. Nicholas, housing several 15th century statues
  113. Cathedral basilica of Notre-Dame, with a dome standing at over 100 m. The crypt is one of the largest in France, and has Roman, Romanesque and Gothic elements.
  114. Opened in 1991, Nausicaä - The French National Sea Centre is a science centre entirely dedicated to the relationship between mankind and the sea. It houses Aquaria, exhibitions on the marine fauna, and the exploitation and management of marine resources (fisheries, aquaculture, coastal planning, maritime transport, exploitation of energies and mineral, tourism).
  115. The Boulogne Eastern Cemetery, created during the Great War
  116. Colonne de la Grande Armée - Statue of Napoleon I
  118. Official website: Tourism in Boulogne sur Mer
  119. Official website: Tourism in Boulogne sur Mer and the Boulonnais region
  120. Economy
  122. Boulogne-sur-Mer is an important fishing port, with 7,000 inhabitants deriving part, or all, of their livelihoods from fishing.[citation needed]
  124. IFREMER (the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) and the Pasteur Institute are located in Boulogne Port.
  126. Certain brands, including Crown and Findus, are based in Boulogne
  127. Media
  129. Radio : France Bleu Nord, Virgin Radio Côte d'Opale
  130. Television : France 3 Côte d'Opale
  131. Print : La Voix du Nord (édition de Boulogne sur Mer), La Semaine dans le Boulonnais, Touzazimut
  133. Events
  135. In the year 1905 the First Esperanto Universal Congress was held in Boulogne-sur-Mer. L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, was among the attendees. In the 2005, there was a grand anniversary meeting, to mark the centenary, with more than 500 attendees.
  136. Administration
  138. Boulogne is the seat of the Communauté d'agglomération du Boulonnais
  140. List of Mayors Duration Name Party Particularities
  141. 2008–2014 Mireille Hingrez-Céréda PS
  142. 2004–2012 Frédéric Cuvillier PS Deputy
  143. 1996–2004 Guy Lengagne PS Deputy
  144. 1989–1996 Jean Muselet Conservative
  145. 1977–1989 Guy Lengagne PS Deputy, Minister
  146. 1945–1977 Henri Henneguelle PS
  147. Past mayors are unknown.
  148. Population
  149. Historical population
  150. Year Pop. ±%
  151. 1936 52,371 —
  152. 1954 34,885 −33.4%
  153. 1962 49,283 +41.3%
  154. 1968 49,288 +0.0%
  155. 1975 48,440 −1.7%
  156. 1982 47,653 −1.6%
  157. 1990 43,678 −8.3%
  158. 1999 44,859 +2.7%
  159. 2006 43,700 −2.6%
  160. 2009 43,310 −0.9%
  161. Transport
  162. Road
  164. Metropolitan bus services are operated by the TCRB
  165. Coach services to Calais and Dunkerque
  166. A16 motorway
  167. Megabus operate coach services to Paris and Brussels and across the Channel to London and beyond.[11]
  169. Rail
  171. The main railway station is Gare de Boulogne-Ville and located in the south of the city.
  172. Gare de Boulogne-Tintelleries is used for regional transit. It is located near the university and the city centre.
  174. Water
  176. Boulogne currently has no cross channel ferry services since the closure of the route to Dover by LD Lines.
  178. Education
  180. Boulogne-sur-Mer hosts one of the oldest Universités de l'été - summer courses in French language and culture.
  182. The Saint-Louis building of the University of the Côte d'Opale's Boulogne campus opened its doors in 1991, on the site of the former St. Louis hospital, the front entrance to which remains a predominant architectural feature. Its 6 major specialisms are Modern Languages, French Literature, Sport, Law, History and Economics. The University is situated in the town centre, about 5 minutes from the Boulogne Tintelleries train station.
  183. University
  185. Campus University of the Littoral Opal Coast (Saint-Louis, Grand-Rue and Capérure site), member of Université Lille Nord de France.
  187. Public primary and secondary
  189. High schools : Lycée Auguste Mariette, Edouard Branly, Cazin (professional).
  190. College : College Langevin, Angelier, Daunou.
  192. Private primary and secondary
  194. High schools: Lycée Nazareth, Haffreingue, Saint-Joseph
  195. College: College Godefroy de Bouillon, Haffreingue, Nazareth, Saint-Joseph
  197. Health
  199. Two health centres are located in Boulogne, the public Hospital Duchenne and the private Clinique de la côte d'opale.
  200. Sports
  201. US Boulogne play their home football matches at the 14,500-seat Stade de la Libération.
  203. Boulogne's football club, US Boulogne Côte d'Opale (US refers to Union Sportive), is one of the oldest in France due to the city's proximity to England, founded in 1898. The club currently play in the third tier, the Championnat National, and host home matches at the 14,500-capacity Stade de la Libération.[12] Boulogne native and FIFA World Cup finalist Franck Ribéry began his career at the club.[13]
  205. Basketball teams in Boulogne include Stade Olympique Maritime Boulonnais of the Nationale 1 and ESSM of Pro B.
  206. Culture
  208. The Château de Boulogne-sur-Mer (now a castle museum) of Boulogne, in the fortified town, houses the most important exhibition of masks from Alaska in the world, the second largest collection of Greek ceramics in France (after the Louvre), collections of Roman and medieval sculptures, paintings (15th-20th century), an Egyptian collection, African Arts etc. As these collections are exhibited in a medieval castle, one can also discover the Roman walls (in the underground) as well as rooms built in the 13th century (La Barbière, banqueting hall, chapel, covered parapet walk...)
  209. La Casa San Martin is currently a museum where José de San Martín the leader of independence struggle in Argentina (also Chile and Peru) died in 1850, from 1930 to 1967 this house was the consulate of Argentina in France. There is a statue dedicated to his colleague Simón Bolívar, other liberator of South America in the revolutions against Spanish colonial rule in the 1810s. Bolivar planned to head in exile to this very part of France before his death in 1830. Historic emigration in the 19th century from the Nord-Pas de Calais region to Argentina and Chile can explain some cultural ties with South America of the Boulognais and Latino/Ibero-American culture.[citation needed]
  210. Nausicaä, the French national sealife centre.
  212. Food
  214. As an international maritime port on the English Channel (La Manche), the town of Boulogne-sur-Mer has European and American influences in local cuisine. They include:
  216. Welsh rarebit (from Wales, United Kingdom)
  217. Sandwich américain (an American sandwich introduced from the USA)
  218. Kipper (Flemish: smoked herring)
  220. Notable people
  221. Born in Boulogne
  222. Boulogne-born footballer Franck Ribéry playing for his national team.
  224. Matilda of Boulogne (1105–1152), Countess of Boulogne and queen consort of England
  225. Frédéric Sauvage (1786–1857), engineer and inventor of the propeller
  226. Pierre Claude François Daunou (1761–1840), politician and historian
  227. Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (1804–1869), literary critic and one of the major figures of French literary history
  228. Guillaume Duchenne (1806–1875), neurologist
  229. Henri Malo, writer and historian
  230. Alexandre Guilmant (1837–1911), organist/composer
  231. Ernest Hamy (1842–1908), anthropologist/ethnologist; created (in 1880) the museum of ethnography of Trocadéro (today known as the Musée de l'Homme, Trocadéro)
  232. Le Quien (1661–1733), Michel. monk and historian.
  233. Auguste Mariette (1821–1881), scholar and archaeologist, one of the foremost Egyptologists of his generation, and the founder of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
  234. Benoît-Constant Coquelin (1841–1909), actor
  235. Ernest Alexandre Honoré Coquelin (1848–1909), actor
  236. Léo Marjane (born 1912), singer
  237. Georges Mathieu (born 1921), famous painter, initiator of "lyrical abstraction" and informal art
  238. Sophie Daumier (1934–2004), film actress
  239. Estha Essombe (born 1963), judoka
  240. Jean-Pierre Papin (born 1963), footballer
  241. Mickaël Bourgain (born 1980), track cyclist
  242. Franck Ribéry (born 1983), footballer
  243. Terence Makengo (born 1992), footballer
  244. SebastiAn (born 1981), French electronic musician
  246. Others associated with Boulogne
  247. Baldwin I of Jerusalem, son and brother of Counts of Boulogne, ruled the Holy Land in the 11th century.
  249. Godfrey of Bouillon, count of Boulogne, prominent figure in the First Crusade
  250. Baldwin I of Jerusalem, count of Boulogne, prominent figure in the First Crusade
  251. Blaise de Monluc, marshal of France
  252. José de San Martín, Argentine general who liberated Argentina, Chile and Peru; lived for two years in Boulogne and died there in 1850
  253. Maurice Boitel (born 1919), painter
  254. Constant Coquelin, actor
  255. Benoît-Agathon Haffreingue, priest and builder of Boulogne's cathedral
  256. Olivier Latry (born 1962), musician, educator
  257. John McCrae (1872–1918), Canadian doctor, poet; author of "In Flanders Field"
  258. Alfred-Georges Regner (1902–1987), painter-engraver
  259. Smithson Tennant (1761–1815), chemist, discoverer of osmium and iridium, died falling from a bridge in Boulogne
  260. Adam Liszt, father of Franz Liszt, died from Typhoid fever while on a vacation
  262. International relations
  263. Twin towns — Sister cities
  264. See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France
  266. Boulogne-sur-Mer is twinned with:
  268. United Kingdom Folkestone, United Kingdom[14]
  269. Argentina La Plata, Argentina
  270. Germany Zweibrücken, Germany - since 1959
  272. See also
  274. Boulonnais (land area)
  275. First Siege of Boulogne
  276. Itius Portus
  277. Vieux-Boulogne
  279. References
  281. Jump up ^ "C'est l'Actu juillet 2010". Ville-boulogne-sur-mer.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  282. Jump up ^ France. "Ville de Boulogne-sur-Mer - La Commune, la Mairie de Boulogne-sur-Mer et sa ville - Pas-de-Calais en France". Annuaire-mairie.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  283. Jump up ^ Graeme Villeret. "France". PopulationData.net. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  284. Jump up ^ "Boulogne-sur-Mer Tourist Guide". Information France. 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  285. ^ Jump up to: a b "Les Beffrois au patrimoine de l'Humanité". Nordmag.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  286. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Boulogne-sur-Mer (Municipality, Pas-de-Calais, France)". Flagspot.net. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  287. Jump up ^ Historia Nova, Book VI.5.2-3
  288. Jump up ^ David Baker, The rocket: the history and development of rocket & missile technology. Taylor & Francis, 1978, p.13.
  289. Jump up ^ "2nd Battalion Irish Guards. - World War 2 Talk". Ww2talk.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
  290. Jump up ^ Stacey, C P (1966). "Clearing the Coastal Belt and the Ports September 1944 - Operation "WELLHIT"; The Capture of Boulogne". Official History of the Canadian Army. Department of National Defence. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  291. Jump up ^ http://uk.megabus.com/routemap.aspx
  292. Jump up ^ "Football Boulogne : Union Sportive Boulogne Côte d Opale (USBCO)". Foot-national.com. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  293. Jump up ^ Franck Ribéry - Goal.com
  294. Jump up ^ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
  296. Further reading
  298. "Boulogne", A Handbook for Travellers in France (8th ed.), London: John Murray, 1861
  300. "Boulogne-sur-Mer", Northern France (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1899, OCLC 2229516
  302. "Boulogne-sur-Mer", The Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, OCLC 14782424
  304. External links
  305. Wikinews has related news: French fishermen blockade Channel ports
  306. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boulogne-sur-Mer.
  307. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Boulogne-sur-Mer.
  309. INSEE (English)
  310. IGN (English)
  311. Official website: Tourism in Boulogne sur Mer and the Boulonnais area (in English)
  312. Boulogne-sur-Mer city council website (in French)
  313. Visiting Boulogne-sur-Mer (English guide and tourist map)
  314. NAUSICAÄ's official website (in French and English)
  315. Boulogne 2005 Esperanto
  316. Universite d'ete de Boulogne-sur-Mer
  317. The university library of ULCO
  318. The Boulogne Eastern Cemetery on the website "Remembrance Trails of the Great War in Northern France"
  320. [show]
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  326. Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
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  329. Boulogne-sur-Mer
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  331. Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom
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  333. Ports and harbours of Nord-Pas-de-Calais
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