The cover was printed by RRD Jefferson City. This book is printed on acid-free paper. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year. These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party. Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley. Outside of the United States, please contact your local representative. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dorf, Richard C. ISBN 978-0-470-52157-1 cloth : alk. Dorf, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Davis, teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in electrical engineering in the fields of circuits and control systems. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the U. Naval Postgraduate School, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from Clarkson University. Highly concerned with the discipline of electrical engineering and its wide value to social and economic needs, he has written and lectured internationally on the contributions and advances in electrical engineering. Professor Dorf has extensive experience with education and industry and is professionally active in the fields of robotics, automation, electric circuits, and communications. He has served as a visiting professor at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and the University of California at Berkeley. A Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the American Society for Engineering Education, Dr. Dorf is widely known to the profession for his Modern Control Systems, eleventh edition Prentice Hall, 2008 and The International Encyclopedia o f Robotics Wiley, 1988. Dorf is also the coauthor of Circuits, Devices and Systems with Ralph Smith , fifth edition Wiley, 1992. Dorf edited the widely used Electrical Engineering Handbook, third edition CRC Press and IEEE press , published in 2008. His latest work is Technology Ventures, third edition McGraw-Hill 2010. Svoboda is an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Clarkson University,where he teaches courses on topics such as circuits, electronics, and computer programming. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin at Madison, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from General Motors Institute. Sophomore Circuits is one of Professor Svoboda's favorite courses. He has taught this course to 5,500 undergraduates at Clarkson University over the past 30 years. Professor Svoboda has written several research papers describing the advantages of using nullors to model electric circuits for computer analysis. He is interested in the way technology affects engineering education and has developed several software packages for use in Sophomore Circuits. Given this theme, we endeavor to show how the analysis and design of electric circuits are inseparably intertwined with the ability of the engineer to design complex electronic, communication, computer, and control systems as well as consumer products. The flowchart in Figure 1 demonstrates alternative chapter organizations that can accommodate different course outlines without disrupting continuity. The presentation is geared to readers who are being exposed to the basic concepts of electric circuits for the first time, and the scope of the work is broad. Students should come to the course with the basic knowledge of differential and integral calculus. This book endeavors to prepare the reader to solve realistic problems involving electric circuits. Thus, circuits are shown to be the results of real inventions and the answers to real needs in industry, the office, and the home. Although the tools of electric circuit analysis may be partially abstract, electric circuits are the building blocks of modem society. The analysis and design of electric circuits are critical skills for all engineers. W H A T ' S N E W I N T H E 8 TH E D I T I O N Increased use of PSpice K and MATLABH Significantly more attention has been given to using PSpice and MATLAB to solve circuits problems. It starts with two new appendixes, one introducing PSpice and the other introducing MATLAB. These appendixes briefly describe the capabilities of the programs and illustrate the steps needed to get started using them. Next, PSpice and MATLAB are used throughout the text to solve various circuit analysis and design problems. For example, PSpice is used in Chapter 5 to find a Thevenin equivalent circuit and in C hapter 15 to represent circuit inputs and outputs as Fourier series. MATLAB is frequently used to obtain plots of circuit inputs and outputs that help us see what our equations are telling us. MATLAB also helps us with some long and tedious arithmetic. We pay particular attention to interpreting the output o f these computer programs and checking it to make sure it is correct. For example, Section 8. Revisions to Improve Clarity Chapter 15 covering the Laplace transform and the Fourier series and transform, Chapters 14 and 15, have been largely rewritten, both to improve clarity o f exposition and to significantly increase coverage of MATLAB and PSpice. In addition, revisions have been made throughout the text to improve clarity. Sometimes these revisions are small, involving sentences or paragraphs. Other, larger revisions involve pages or even entire sections. More Problems The 8 th edition contains 120 new problems, bringing the total number o f problems to more than 1,3 50. Chapter Appendix Optional flow Straightforward analysis problems. Analysis of complicated circuits. For example, given a circuit and the
