south as to Coimbra and Lisbon,

SUBMITTED BY: shopnuvem

DATE: Aug. 12, 2017, 9:47 p.m.

UPDATED: Aug. 12, 2017, 9:54 p.m.

FORMAT: Text only

SIZE: 26.1 kB

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HITS: 1490

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  1. the Bay of
  2. 12
  3. Biscay, a distance of seven hundred miles. This can be easily
  4. understood from the fact that to the great and decisive battle
  5. against the invading Saracens, Roderick, the king of the Visigoths,
  6. went "sustaining on his head a diadem of pearls, incumbered with
  7. a flowing robe of gold and silken embroidery, and reclining on a
  8. litter or car of ivory, drawn by two white mules." -- Gibbon. 258
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  794. 12. The remnant of the Visigoths, "a scanty band of warriors,
  795. headed by Pelayo, probably a member of the Visigothic royal
  796. family, found refuge in the cave of Covadonga, among the
  797. inaccessible mountains of Asturias" in the extreme northwestern
  798. part of the peninsula, "Their own bravery and the difficulties of
  799. the country enabled them to hold their own; and they became the
  800. rallying point for all who preferred a life of hardship to slavish
  801. submission." 26 9 This little band of warriors, never subdued,
  802. continued to hold their own, and to grow in strength and success.
  803. Little by little they pushed back the Saracens, enlarging their
  804. territory, and holding all that they gained. This they steadily
  805. continued for seven hundred and eighty years, when, in A. D. 1492, the
  806. last vestige of Mohammedan power in Spain was broken, and the
  807. descendants of the original Visigoths once more possessed the
  808. whole country. The present -- A. D. 1901 -- child-heir to the throne
  809. of Spain is Alfonso XIII; and Alfonso I was the grandson of
  810. Pelayo, the intrepid leader of that "scanty band of warriors" who
  811. in A. D. 712 "found refuge in the cave of Covadonga among the
  812. inaccessible mountains of Asturias."
  813. 13. The year of the final recovery of Spain from the
  814. Mohammedan power, it will be noted, was also the very year of the
  815. discovery of the West Indies by Columbus -- A. D. 1492. This era
  816. of discovery and conquest opened by Columbus, and continued by
  817. Balboa, Cortes, and others, with an intricate complication of
  818. territorial accessions in Europe, suddenly at the beginning of the
  819. sixteenth century elevated Spain to the place of the leading power,
  820. and her king -- Charles I -- to the position of the greatest sovereign,
  821. then in the world. In fifty years, however, she had begun a decline
  822. which steadily continued till she was reduced, in 1898, to the
  823. bounds of the original kingdom of the Visigoths in the Spanish
  824. peninsula, with a few outlying islands.
  825. CHAPTER III - THE SUEVI IN THE MIDDLE AGES
  826. ON the original and permanent settlement of the Suevi, in the
  827. Roman Empire, they occupied "the greater portion of Southern
  828. and Western Spain; and their capital was Astorga." In the period
  829. between the departure of the Vandals into Africa, A. D. 429, and
  830. the coming of the Visigoths into Spain, A. D. 456, the Suevi were
  831. "the only barbarian power left in the peninsula." -- Hodgkin. 27 1
  832. Though in the great battle with Theodoric, the Visigoth, in 456,
  833. they were signally defeated and their power was much weakened,
  834. yet the distinct Suevic kingdom continued until 587, when, by the
  835. power of Leovigild the Visigoth, it became entirely subject and
  836. tributary to the Visigothic kingdom.
  837. 2. During the time of the occupation of the peninsula by the
  838. Mohammedan power, 711, the Suevi, until about 1250, shared the
  839. fate of the Visigoths. As little by little the brave descendants of the
  840. unconquerable Pelayo pushed back the bounds of the
  841. Mohammedan dominion, the Suevi, inhabiting the territory of
  842. what is now Portugal and Galicia, was really the first to be freed.
  843. Indeed Alfonso I, grandson of Pelayo, not only drove the
  844. Mohammedans out of Galicia, but was able to advance "with his
  845. victorious troops" as far as to the River Douro. Alfonso III,
  846. 866-910, made expeditions as far south as to Coimbra and Lisbon,
  847. though his permanent southern boundary was still the River
  848. Douro.
  849. 3. Ferdinand the Great, king of Leon, Castile, and Galicia,
  850. 1055-1064, and his son, in 1065, carried the boundary southward
  851. till it included the present Portuguese province of Beira. Alfonso
  852. VI, 1072-1109, compelled the cession of Lisbon and Santerem,
  853. which was practically all that part of the province of Estramadura,
  854. which lies west and north of the River Tagus. In 1086
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