This whole process, depending on how far the sender is from the recipient, can take anywhere from a day to 3–4 weeks. International mail is sent via trains and airplanes to other countries.
Before modern day mail delivery there was the Pony Express. The Pony Express was first established in April 1860. The Pony Express extended 1,900 miles and had 186 stations between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California. Most horsemen rode 125 miles stretches with 10–12 miles between each station and were paidmajor contract with the federal government and was shortly replaced with a stagecoach service.